The Fifth Desk · Evaluation
Act I · The Map
My Bloody Valentine · produced by Kevin Shields · Creation · about 48 minutes
Mode
Guitar rock unfixed from pitch; pop songs heard through a sound that bends as a whole
Mythos
Two lovers dissolving into one: sleep, touch and drowning, under a title that names love’s absence
Phase
Eleven tracks; an assault opens it, a hinge of under a minute turns it to its height, the second half varies one sound, and a dance releases it outward
Presentation
Album; eleven tracks, about forty-eight minutes, two of them issued first on the Glider and Tremolo EPs; on the cover a guitar photographed out of focus and washed in pink
Register
Glide guitar, feedback sampled and played as keys, two voices mixed at the level of the guitars, drums placed under the wash
Scale
One state of desire, held from waking into sleep, with no person, place or public world in it
Governing Proposition
A guitar band spends two years making a record on which no chord holds its pitch and no voice stands in front of the sound, and sets plain love songs inside that physics, so that desire is heard as the self losing its edges: a making that changed what the electric guitar is for, given wholly to a state of feeling rather than a meaning, and holding two orders of the world completely.
Act II · The Essay
Movement I
The record begins with a few snare strokes and then a wall of guitar that bends as it arrives. Before a word is heard, its physics is stated: no chord in it holds its pitch. The means is Kevin Shields’s glide guitar, chords strummed while the tremolo arm is held and moved, so that whole chords lean in and out of tune together. The technique was on the band’s earlier records; here it is the ground of everything. In the breaks of the opening track the lead figure is a cry with no voice in it, and when the voices come they are inside the wall, not in front of it.
Creation Records released the album on 4 November 1991: eleven tracks, about forty-eight and a half minutes, produced by Shields and recorded from 1989 to 1991 in a long run of London studios. The band was Shields and Bilinda Butcher, guitars and voices, Colm Ó Cíosóig, drums, and Debbie Googe, bass, with Shields also playing samplers; who played which part on the record, and how much of the drumming was built from samples, is not given. Two of the eleven tracks had been issued already: Soon on the Glider EP in 1990 and To Here Knows When on Tremolo in February 1991. The band placed both on the album, and the album as released is the work.
Shields and Butcher share the singing, often doubled or in unison, and the voices are mixed at the level of the guitars. What a listener recovers of the words comes by ear and in fragments, and the record is cited here by its titles alone. Two singers become one sound, the voice becomes one instrument among the others, and the guitar, rock’s instrument of assertion, becomes something that can sound like breath. The cover says the same thing without sound: a guitar photographed out of focus and washed in pink, the instrument turned into colour and blur, which is what the record does to it.
Movement II
The third track, Touched, is under a minute of bent tone without song. It is the most removable thing on the album, and it does one thing well: it turns the record toward To Here Knows When. That track is a slow, seasick wash, about five and a half minutes long, in which the voice and a high line float with no floor beneath them. Nothing in it arrives, and nothing needs to. The height of the record is not a climax reached but a state sustained, and it is the record’s plainest demonstration that instability, held long enough, becomes transport.
Here the form is the knowledge. Take one layer out of the track and it becomes another track, because what it means is that the layers cannot be separated. The bending pitch is the instability of desire; the buried voice is the self dissolved into what it feels; feedback, sampled and played back as keys, turns the guitar’s excess into melody, so that noise becomes tenderness. Strip the sound away and very little is left that could carry the same meaning. The songs underneath are plain, and the record knows it.
The making that carries this is exact. The glide is held and timed across whole performances. The voices sit inside the guitars at the level where they are felt and not parsed. The drums are placed so that the pulse survives the wash, and a melody stays audible under a mass that ought to bury it, which is the hardest thing the record does. The palette is narrow, guitars, voices, samplers and drums and little else, the bass barely present, and the drums plain in places. Within that palette the command is complete; what it found there belongs to the record's departure, not its making.
Movement III
When You Sleep is the plainest pop song on the record, a melody anyone could whistle, sung inside a sound no one could reproduce. Played clean on one guitar it would be pleasant and say little; most of the album would. What the record knows comes through the sound, and it can be named. Desire is felt before it is understood, and in intimacy the edges of the self go soft. The titles name sleep, touch, shallowness, a wish and the absence of love, and the sound performs what they name: voice blurred into instrument, two singers blurred into one.
The patterns summoned are old ones. Two lovers dissolve into one; sleep and the dream are a second country; the self is lost and found in drowning. The title frames them, a record about desire called Loveless, and the sound performs the oceanic merging that Romantic music once built at length. The evocation does not scatter. It holds from the first track to the last, carried by titles, sound and cover together, and it is strong.
It is also unbuilt. There are no persons on the record, no places and no named figures: there is a voice, a body and a state. Without a particular there is nothing to carry the old pattern while remaining itself, and the pattern stays atmosphere. The same holds for what the record discloses. It renders a condition of feeling with great exactness and does not articulate it as a meaning; its second discovery, that pitch is unstable and the electric guitar can breathe, is a discovery about hearing. The narrowness is chosen, and it is still narrowness.
Movement IV
The tradition the record inherits is the guitar record of independent rock as it stood in 1989. The Jesus and Mary Chain had set pop melody inside feedback; the Cocteau Twins had made the voice a texture; Sonic Youth had retuned the guitar and made noise a material; Dinosaur Jr. had made volume a style. The band’s own Isn’t Anything (1988) had already bent its chords. Every part of the bet had been placed by someone, and the glide was the band’s own before this record began.
The departure is in the physics. Chords no longer hold a pitch, feedback is played as keys, no element is foregrounded, and the voice is one sound among others. No guitar record of its kind placed a larger stake, and the stake was paid: two years in the studio, a label’s finances, and the band’s career. Creation and the band parted after the album, and the band issued no further album for more than twenty years. The record completes a turn already begun, and it paid for the completion in full.
What it changed was an instrument. The electric guitar is no longer a source of riffs and lines but of timbre and weather, an instrument whose pitch can be bent as a whole and whose feedback can be played. The reach came narrower and later. In 1992 the British press mocked the scene, and grunge and Britpop overran it within two years. The redirection came afterward, through the shoegaze bands, dream pop, post-rock and the blackgaze of the 2000s and 2010s.
Movement V
The second half varies the sound the first half established. I Only Said, Come in Alone and What You Want return to the attack of the opening track, and the last of them adds no law of its own. Between them, Sometimes sets a plain strummed figure under a drone and becomes tender and enormous at once, and Blown a Wish is a lullaby that bends the same way as the assault that opened the record. Then Soon, about seven minutes long, sets the guitar over a dance rhythm in the manner of the indie-dance crossover of 1990. It is the one dance on the record, and the beat carries the glide upward and out: an assault opens the record, and a dance releases it.
Thirty-five years have tested it. Sometimes was carried into Sofia Coppola’s Lost in Translation in 2003, whose soundtrack also holds new pieces by Shields. Mike McGonigal’s book on the record appeared in 2007. The band re-formed in 2008 and toured with these songs at the centre of its sets, the volume itself a matter of record, and the remasters of 2012 reopened the question of which master is the record. It has aged less than most guitar records of 1991 because it used none of the period’s production signatures; the beat of Soon and the grain of the sampler are what remain of its year.
What it holds is two orders of the world, consciousness and the body in desire, held completely and as one. The family, labour, the state, history and the natural order are absent, the sacred is touched by the swell of the sound and not held, and technology is the record’s means and never its subject. That is its choice, and the choice sets its limit. Inside the limit nothing breaks the law the first seconds stated, from assault to lullaby to dance. The record is a feat of making that discloses a state, and its last sound is that state carried outward on a beat.
Act III · The Twelve
Inside the sound, necessity is near total: take one layer out of To Here Knows When and it becomes another track, because its meaning is that the layers cannot be separated. Across the album the subtractive test finds something, and less than a first hearing suggests. Touched, under a minute of bent tone, is the hinge into To Here Knows When, and little would be lost without it. What You Want restates the attack and lead figure of Only Shallow and I Only Said without a law of its own, and Come in Alone is close kin to both. The frame holds, an assault at the start and a dance at the close. One removable track and two close variations are what hold the figure where it stands.
Score: 8.4 / 10
The record discloses a state, through sound, and the state can be named and holds on every track: desire is felt before it is understood, and in intimacy the edges of the self go soft. The titles name sleep, touch, shallowness, a wish and the absence of love, and the sound performs the rest, blurring voice into instrument and two singers into one, so that the making carries the disclosure as fully as words could. A second disclosure is perceptual, and it holds too: pitch is unstable, and rock’s instrument of assertion can sound like breath. Two disclosures, each borne out on return, carry the figure. What holds it well below the gate is their kind: a condition of feeling, rendered exactly, with the words buried in the mix, and never articulated as a meaning.
Score: 8.1 / 10
Elevation is the record’s purpose, and it comes on nearly every track, in both temperatures. Only Shallow opens with a few snare strokes and then a wall that bends as it arrives. To Here Knows When is the height: a slow, seasick wash in which the voice and a high line float without a floor, transport sustained. When You Sleep rises by melody through the noise; Sometimes becomes tender and enormous at once; Soon ends the record in ecstasy, and Blown a Wish is beauty at a whisper. Touched and Loomer stay lower, and What You Want and Come in Alone repeat heights already reached.
Score: 9.2 / 10
Myth is evoked, by sound more than image, and one evocation is sustained across the whole record without a break. The patterns are old: two lovers dissolving into one, sleep as a second country, the drowning in which the self is lost and found. Titles of sleep, touch and a wish carry it; the title frames it, a record of desire called Loveless; the cover renders it, an instrument turned to colour and blur; and the sound performs the oceanic merging itself, from the first track to the last. That single evocation, held by every means the record has, is the strength of the axis. What holds it below the gate is the particular: no person, no place, no named figure, only a voice, a body and a state. The archetype is atmosphere, and it is not built.
Score: 8.0 / 10
The inheritance is independent guitar rock as it stood in 1989: the feedback pop of the Jesus and Mary Chain, the voice as texture of the Cocteau Twins, the noise of Sonic Youth, the volume of Dinosaur Jr., and the band’s own Isn’t Anything (1988). The departure is in the physics of the sound, and in places it is invention: the glide, feedback sampled and played as keys, chords that no longer hold a pitch, no element foregrounded. No guitar record of its kind placed a larger stake, and it was paid in full: two years, a label’s finances, and a career that produced no further album for more than twenty years. Turn and stake together carry the figure well above the bar. What holds it below the top band is that the path was the band’s own and half opened.
Score: 8.8 / 10
Substitute another form and the record knows almost nothing, because its knowledge is the sound. Underneath, most of these are plain pop songs; When You Sleep or Sometimes played clean on one guitar would be pleasant and say little. The bending pitch is the instability of desire; the buried voice is the self dissolved into what it feels; sampled feedback turns the guitar’s excess into melody, so that noise becomes tenderness. The sequence is counted here, once: the most violent blur opens the record, Touched turns it toward its height, and the one dance releases it. But the second half is not argued as a sequence, and three tracks there could be reordered without loss.
Score: 9.0 / 10
Thirty-five years supply evidence of return, concentrated on the making. Listeners, players and engineers have spent decades asking how the sound was made, and the answer is still argued: how many layers, which sounds are guitar and which sampler. Mike McGonigal’s book of 2007 is part of that return, and the remasters of 2012 reopened it, since which master is the record became a live question. The record yields on return as sound: a melody under the wash, a second voice, a drum figure that was always there. The semantic yield is thinner: the meaning found on first hearing is deepened, not changed, and part of what listeners find in the blur is projection.
Score: 8.7 / 10
The field is the record’s own tradition, guitar-based independent rock. The intrinsic force is high, and it carries the figure: the record reorganised what the electric guitar is, a source not of riffs and lines but of timbre and weather, whose pitch can be bent as a whole and whose feedback can be played as a keyboard. That is the record’s own invention more than a reassembly. What holds the axis below the force alone is the reach. Achieved reach is scored with intrinsic force: the redirection came narrower and later, through the shoegaze bands, dream pop, post-rock and the blackgaze of the 2000s and 2010s, after the British press mocked the scene in 1992 and grunge and Britpop overran it; delayed, it is credited and discounted.
Score: 8.9 / 10
Survival is weighed over thirty-five years. The form is whole. The record has outlived its scene, its label’s crisis, the CD it was mastered for and the press that mocked it, and its standing rose rather than settled: carried into a major film twelve years on, played to large audiences from 2008, reissued in 2012. It used none of its year’s production signatures. Two charges hold the figure where it stands: a narrow first decade, against presence, and a disputed master, against fabric. So weighed, it stands level with films of its years such as Three Colours, and far below what has lasted centuries.
Score: 8.6 / 10
Command of a recorded medium its makers remade, load-bearing on every track. The glide is held and timed across whole performances; feedback is sampled, pitched and played; the voices sit inside the guitars at exactly the level where they are felt and not parsed; the drums are placed so the pulse survives the wash. The mixes keep a melody audible under a mass that should bury it, the hardest thing the record does. The costs are charged as costs, not excused as the price of a style: a narrow palette of guitars, voices, samplers and drums; drums plain in places, as on What You Want; a bass barely present. First-rank control at the moment of release, in a narrow instrument, stands level with Pollock’s Autumn Rhythm.
Score: 9.0 / 10
One physics governs the whole: nothing holds its pitch or its edge, and the voice is inside the sound, not in front of it. The two most distant elements obey it. Only Shallow is assault and Blown a Wish a lullaby, and both bend the same way; Touched, tone without song, and Soon, a dance track, are both guitar dissolved into something else. Nothing breaks the law. But narrowness is not coherence. The range runs from violence to tenderness inside one register of erotic dream, with no satire, no narrative, no elegy and no public voice, and that, not any breach, holds the figure.
Score: 8.8 / 10
Judged on what the record holds, with no discount for the album form. Two orders are held fully and joined: consciousness, as sensation, sleep and half waking, and the body in desire. Within them the integration is complete, and it is credited: on this record the body and consciousness are one thing, which is part of what it knows. What holds the figure is the count. The family, labour, the state, history and the natural order are absent, the sacred is touched by the hymnlike swell of the sound and not held, and technology is the record’s means, never its subject. The figure describes what the record chose to hold.
Score: 7.1 / 10
Act IV · The Reckoning
8.6 / 10 · Final Average
Placement: Tier IV · Canonical
Strongest Dimensions
The Sublime at 9.2, then The Living Form and The Made at 9.0. Elevation on nearly every track, cold and warm, with its height sustained across To Here Knows When; a form whose knowledge is the sound; and a command of the recorded medium that keeps a melody audible under a mass that should bury it.
Limiting Dimension
The Encompassed at 7.1: consciousness and the body in desire are held completely and as one, and nothing else is held; the family, labour, the state, history and the natural order are absent, and the sacred is evoked by the sound. Below the rest, The Archetypal Deep at 8.0 and The Unconcealment at 8.1: the merging of lovers, sleep and drowning is evoked with conviction across the whole record and never built on a particular, and what the record discloses is a state of feeling rather than an articulated meaning.
The Necessity Cap clears at 8.4 against a threshold of 7.5. The Coherence Floor clears with room: The Living Form at 9.0, The Made at 9.0, The Inner Law at 8.8, each against 7.0. The Epochal Gate is unmet: Pressure on Tradition at 8.9, The Swerve at 8.8 and The Imperishable at 8.6 clear the bar of 8.5, but The Unconcealment at 8.1 and The Archetypal Deep at 8.0 fall short. The Universal Minimum is met: no axis but The Encompassed falls below 8.0, against 7.5, and The Encompassed, which is exempted, clears its own floor of 6.0 at 7.1.
Basis · the complete album as released by Creation on 4 November 1991, eleven tracks in sequence, about forty-eight and a half minutes, including Soon and To Here Knows When, first issued on the Glider (1990) and Tremolo (1991) EPs and placed on the album by the band; judged from knowledge of the recording, its documented making and its reception. No recording, sleeve or lyric sheet was in hand. The album is the unit; the EPs as releases, the remasters of 2012 and the band’s concerts from 2008 onward are used only as evidence. The vocals are mixed into the guitars, no lyric is quoted, and songs are cited by title. Track lengths are given only roughly. Facts that could not be verified, among them the number of studios and engineers, the cost of the recording, the make of the guitar on the cover, the chart position, the credits for individual tracks, who played on which track, the share of the drumming built from samples and whether a lyric sheet was issued, are not given.